A General view from Silêmanî/Sulaymaniyah “The Capital of Kurdistan” which was founded by the leader of Kurdish Baban Principality, Ibrahim Pasha Baban in 1784. Silêmanî has been one of the major centers for education, culture, and history in Kurdistan. William Heude, A Voyage up to the Persian Gulf, and a Journey Overland from India to England in 1817” (London: 1819).
Kurds, especially in Turkey, have faced some of the most systematic assimilationist policies in the Middle East since the early years of the foundation of the Republic of Turkey. The Kurds have not been allowed to establish their own centers for the production of knowledge under the uncertain and perilous conditions in Northern Kurdistan and Turkey. Therefore, the Kurds and their friends have created some indispensable organizations and platforms in diaspora to preserve Kurdish written materials and cultural artifacts from attempted state annihilation.
Issue numbers 21-22 of Zhvandūn, a popular magazine published in Afghanistan in the mid-20th century. This particular issue published on 17 August 1974, features the popular Afghan artist, Ahmad Zahir.World Digital Library (WDL), Library of Congress
More than four decades of continuous war and conflict has impacted the preservation and access to archival material in Afghanistan. As official and non-official holdings within the country were subject to heavy censorship in the 20th century by various Afghan governments, the creation of colonial and imperial archives became important sites for knowledge production on Afghanistan and its people. From the Soviet-Afghan war in the 1980s onwards, research centers, archives, and institutes were established largely outside of Afghanistan to provide information on the conditions of the country due to the threat of insecurity and censorship in Afghanistan itself.
The past two decades have marked an exciting turn for students and scholars of Afghanistan as new holdings within and outside the country have been established, expanded, and increasingly made easier to access. This is in large part due to the amount of funding and the new-found international attention given to Afghanistan since the early 2000s. In recent years, previously classified government documents from various countries are becoming declassified, and archival material is being digitized for public use. Other archives and holdings, such as the archives of the Afghan Presidential Palace (ARG) and the Archives of the Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA) are in the process of becoming accessible to researchers in the near future.
This is a list of both physical and digital holdings currently accessible to students and researchers for the study of Afghanistan. Although the majority of the holdings, especially ones that are digitized, are easy to access for the public, the physical holdings in Afghanistan would require contacting the friendly staff –the majority of whom speak English and local languages such as Persian and Pashto– in the archives and libraries directly.
This list is organized alphabetically. Please note that due to COVID-19 access policies to archives and libraries might change.
Under normal circumstances, many of us would be deep in archival work that usually characterize our academic summers. Although COVID safety measures prevent us from traveling to research sites and accessing physical archives, it doesn’t mean we have to stop developing our projects. Countless digital and open access resources are available to historians who are for the time being at home and to those for whom travel may be an issue now and in the future. As a scholar of modern Egypt, precarious access to archival material is a constant factor; so, in addition to in-person research, I also regularly consult online sources. I’ve compiled a brief list of some of these online repositories in hopes it can help researchers working on nineteenth and twentieth century Egypt who are currently looking to diversify their source base or need access to primary sources.
